미얀마 정부의 분권화에 관한 연구: 중앙정부와 지방정부의 권력 분립을 중심으로

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 행정대학원 행정학과, 2017. 8. 이승종.The Study is to explain how Myanmar government instituted the effective decentralized structure and process with the separation of powers from the Central Government to the local State and Region (S/R) Governments after adopting 2008 Constitution. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the significant reform of decentralized structure, the sharing power between the central and local government in Myanmar and how Myanmar government created local governance structure into more effective and greater local autonomy under the 2008 Constitution and its subsequent laws after transforming the country from the totalitarian into the discipline-flourishing democratic country. Thus, the study is emphasized with the description and explanation particularly focusing on the ingredients of the separation of powers and decentralized structure that are promulgated in the Constitution, including how this separation of power and decentralization impacts on the local governance structure reform. The findings of the thesis suggest that if the local government enjoys more autonomy, their performance will become more effective and the quality of local service delivery will become more efficient. Moreover, it is also noted that decentralization of the local governance structure solely depends on the satisfaction of the local people in the local region.Chapter I Introduction 1 1.1 Conceptual Framework 3 1.2 Objectives of Research 4 1.3 Research Methodology 5 1.4 Scope and Limitations 7 Chapter II Literature Review 8 2.1 A Discussion of Theory and Precedent Study Review 8 2.2 Forms and Types of Decentralization 10 2.3 The Principle of Separation of Power 12 2.4 Previous Studies and research 13 Chapter III The Provisions of Separation of Power and Decentralized Practices of Myanmar under 2008 Constitution 14 3.1 A Brief History of Public Administration in Myanmar 14 3.2 State and Local Government Structure under 2008 Constitution 16 3.3 General Administration Department (GAD) 17 3.4 The Provisions of the Separation and Distribution of Power under 2008 Constitution 21 3.4.1 Executive Power 22 3.4.2 Legislative Power 25 3.4.3 Judicial Power 28 3.5 Decentralized Practices between Central and Local Government 34 3.5.1 Political Decentralization 36 3.5.2 Administrative Decentralization 37 3.5.3 Fiscal Decentralization 39 3.6 Assessing Decentralization of Myanmar Government to State and Region Governments 41 Chapter IV The Impacts of Decentralization on Mechanisms of Local Governance: Case Study of Shan State and Yangon Region 44 4.1 The Impacts of Decentralization on Local Governance of Shan State 44 4.1.1 The Impacts on Township Level 48 4.1.2 The Impacts on Ward and Village Tract Level 50 4.2 The Impacts of Decentralization on Local Governance of Yangon Region 51 4.2.1 The Impacts on Township Level 56 4.2.2 The Impacts on Ward and Village Tract Level 58 4.3 The Impacts of Decentralization on the Relation between Central and Local Government 59 4.3.1 Deconcentration, Delegation and Devolution 59 4.3.2 Local Autonomy 60 4.4 The Impacts of Decentralization on Local Revenue 63 4.5 The Impacts of Decentralization on Local Service Delivery 67 4.5.1 Local Service Delivery of Education and Health in Shan State 68 4.5.2 Local Service Delivery of Education and Health in Yangon Region 74 4.6 Findings and Discussions 80 Chapter V Conclusion 84 Recommendations 85 References 88 Appendix 1 92 Appendix 2 94 Appendix 3 96 Appendix 4 102 Appendix 5 105 국문초록 109 Acknowledgements 111Maste