Understanding federalism

Many federalists argue that in order for Myanmar to have a functioning federal system, major constitutional changes are required, which would allow States and Regions to self-govern, and take part in the decisions of the central government institutions in Nay Pyi Taw. There are people who suggest that so many changes to the 2008 Constitution are necessary that a new one must be written. It is because of these differences of opinion that we have decided to write this publication on “Understanding Federalism”. Our aim is to show examples of how other federations have been set up, the pros and cons of their models, and offer some ideas to Myanmar as the country moves to a more stable democratic federation. In order to do this, we have looked at different aspects of federalism. Each section in this publication is structured in a similar way. It opens with some key questions for consideration, and it closes with a discussion on the relevance of the discussed issues for Myanmar. In between, we have tried to bring together academic debates on federalism, support our discussion with relevant case studies, and demonstrate the complex – yet also flexible – nature that is inherent in any form of federal government. Our aim is not, and has never been, to promote federalism, or a specific type of federation for Myanmar. The Myanmar people need to find their own solutions for their country and their problems. What Myanmar needs is not German or Swiss style federalism, but Myanmar style federalism. What this looks like is up to the Myanmar people and their leaders. The following pages are designed to feed into the debate on this topic and provide some technical support. This publication will provide, so to say, some “food for thought”