Macro-regions, Local Systems and Cities: the Conceptualisation of Territory in Italy since 1950

How to conceptualise the territory has been a controversial issue in Italy both because of the variety of the scientific research programmes seeking to explain territorial performances and because of the extent to which the territorial organisation of the economic process has changed in the past five decades. The paper primarily discusses how the Italian territory has been conceptualised since the 1950s, relating changing conceptualisations, on the one hand, to theoretical shifts and, on the other, to the need to capture the rapidly and profoundly changing territorial organisation of the Italian economy. The paper also argues that the introduction and use of the concept of ‘local system’ have raised two fundamental scientific questions which have still to be properly addressed – and are now prominent on the research agenda. Firstly, the classification of Italian local systems according to their ‘structural features’ – a step that will highlight, among other aspects, the central role of ‘urban systems’ in the Italian economy; secondly, the need of a theoretical synthesis of the research programmes elaborated in Italy to explain local systems’ development trajectories. Keywords: territory, cities, local development, regional disparities, Italy JEL Classification: R11, O1