Acquisition of modern standard arabic by speakers of different arabic colloquial varieties: resumption in object relative clauses

It is often claimed that there are no native speakers of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) due to possible effect of late age of first exposure (AoE) and possible effect of the acquired colloquial variety ofArabic, which is considered as the first language (L1). This empirical study examined the impact of AoE and knowledge of the L1on the ultimate attainment of resumption in MSA object relative clauses. 147adolescent participants from Egypt, the Levant, and the gulf regions, were recruited to examine their underlying knowledge ofresumption in MSA through completing an Acceptability Judgment Task. Using ANOVAand planned comparisons, the differences in participants\u27 judgments to resumptionwere evaluated across 5 groups corresponding to different AoE and the colloquialvarieties they speak. The analysis of the data showed no significant effect of AoEnorof the L1, and post hoc tests showed no significant differences between the groups ofparticipants. These results were discussed in relation to theories on L1 influence and tothe critical period hypothesis