PENGARUH PERKEMBANGAN FISIK KOTA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN FISIKAL DAN SOSIAL-EKONOMI DI WILAYAH PERI-URBAN KOTA MAKASSAR

The increase of population and all its activities in the city affecting the increasing of needs to the land. The increase in land requirement will encourage physical development of the city to peri urban areas because urban land is fixed and limited. The physical development of the city is believed to bring the change in the peri urban environment, both positive and negative. This study aims to analyze the level of physical development of peri urban areas in the city of Makassar, and to analyze the level of environmental changes that are in the physical environment and socio-economic sides. The further goal is to analyze the influence of the physical development of the city to the physical and socio economic environmental changes. This study used image data of Landsat ETM + year 2003 and 2013, secondary data, and depth interviews with a number of informants. All data were further analyzed by the method of temporal image analysis, classification analysis, qualitative descriptive and cross-tabulation analysis and statistical regression. The results show that the physical development of the city of Makassar has spread to surrounding peri urban areas with such indicators as undeveloped land, road network, and socio-economic facilities. The highest rate of physical development is in Samata village, Gowa, characterized by the construction of the new campus, the improvement and widening of roads, as well as large-scale residential construction in the area. Environmental changes involve changes in physical environment, namely the reduction of agricultural land, the increase of in density of buildings, the reduction of open space area, the decrease number of buildings with countrified function, and changes in socio-economic environment, namely the increase of number and density of population, the decrease of number of farmers, the improvement of welfare of the population, and the increase of education level of the population. Samata village also shows the highest level of environmental changes. Increased prosperity and increased building density are recorded as the dominant factor to environmental changes in the area of research. Cross-tabulation and statistical test show that there is any influence of physical development of the city of Makassar to environmental changes. Cross tabulation between variables produce four (4) areas of typology, namely I (a high level of physical development of the city, a high level of environmental change