[論文] 震災・原発被災と日常／非日常の博物館活動 : 福島県の被災文化財と｢震災遺産｣をめぐって

東北地方太平洋沖地震と大津波により引き起こされた東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故は，福島県の太平洋側に広く住民が帰ることを許されない地域を生んだ。そこには土地の歴史を物語る多くの文化財が取り残され，人の姿が消えて静まり返った町には暮らしに関わる全てのモノが置き去りにされた。このような状況を受けて，福島県では被災した文化財と震災そのものを物語る震災資料（震災遺産）という，ふたつの資料保全活動が進められてきた。原発事故の影響により多くの困難をともなった被災文化財の保全だが，個別的な活動から組織的な事業へと展開し，現在では各自治体を主体に大学や県との連携による活動へとシフトしている。さらに震災発生から3年が過ぎた頃からは震災資料の保全も行われるようになり，震災や原発事故をどう後世へ伝えていくべきかという議論も同時に進められてきた。被災地の博物館としては，これらの活動により保全した資料から地域をどう描き，未来へ伝えるかが問われている。今後，地域の歴史を語る際に震災や原発事故は欠かせないが，災害や被害のみを切り取ることでそれらを地域の歩みと断絶させてしまうのではなく，長い暮らしの営みのうえに位置づけることはひとつの大きな使命であろう。その一方で，保全した資料がもつ価値の醸成を，博物館や研究者に閉じ込めることなく地域へと開いていくことも求められる。博物館が資料収集や調査研究の成果を一方的に公表する場としてだけではなく，現物を介した双方向的なコミュニケーションの場という性格をもつことで，多様な震災像や地域像を守り伝えていくことができるであろう。The accident suffered by Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of the Tokyo Electric Power Company as a result of the off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and large tsunami created a large area on the Pacific side of Fukushima Prefecture to which residents are not permitted to return. Many cultural assets telling the history of the land were left behind, and all items having to do with life were abandoned in the towns left quiet by the absence of people. In response to this situation, Fukushima Prefecture has perpetuated a two-fold resource preservation activity, of disaster-affected cultural assets and of earthquake disaster resources which tell the story of the earthquake disaster itself (disaster heritage). The preservation of disaster-affected cultural assets met with many challenges due to the effects of the nuclear power plant accident, however, it developed from individual activity to an organized endeavor, and is now shifting to an activity led by individual municipalities in coordination with universities and the prefecture. Further about three years after the earthquake disaster, the preservation of earthquake disaster resources also began, concurrently with the debate on how the earthquake disaster and the nuclear power plant accident should be relayed to future generations.How the region is portrayed and how it is relayed to the future by the resources preserved by these activities has become the responsibility of museums of the disaster-stricken area. The history of the region can no longer be told without the earthquake disaster and the nuclear power plant accident, but one major duty must be to refrain from cutting out only the disaster and damage and isolating them from the story of the region but to position them relative to the long history of life there. Another requirement would be to allow the maturation of the value of the preserved resources to be opened to the public, not limiting it to the museum or researchers. Should the museum become a place of two-sided communication through objects and not merely a place of one-sided announcement of resource collection or investigation and research results, it would be able to safeguard and relay varied views of the earthquake disaster and of the region