Analiza predkomisijskih pokusa kukuruza i germplazme razvijene u oplemenjivačkoj stanici u Altınovi od 2015. do 2018. godine

Main goal of the most breeding programs is to develop highly adaptive hybrids in various environments, and the most important limitation are complex interactions between genotype, environment and management. Every hybrid breeding program follows certain strategy for new hybrid development. One possible strategy is to develop hybrids with lower adaptability, achieving best performance in “high input” environments (breeding for “race-horses”). However, another approach is to breed for hybrids with higher adaptability and stable performance across a wide range of environments (breeding for “work-horses”). High stability needs to be accompanied by high yield performance to insure profits, so stability should be monitored along with performance in breeding trials. Aim of this research was to analyze the new germplasm developments and their performances in the pre-registration trials in Turkey by the means of BLUP and GGE models. Heritability estimates for grain yield ranged from 0.58 to 0.85, and relative stability of all hybrids and checks is detected across all years. Cause of the high estimates of G×L interaction were crossovers of genotype performances across locations. The location Altinova was the least stable location across years. One hybrid was selected as a future check based on stability parameters across environments. As G×E interaction remains the greatest challenge in modern maize breeding, more research is needed in this field. Therefore mixed-model based approach is a valuable tool for analysis of genotype performances in maize breeding trials.Glavni cilj komercijalnih oplemenjivačkih programa na kukuruzu je razviti hibride visoke prilagodljivosti u raznim okolinama, pri čemu glavno ograničenje predstavljaju kompleksne interakcije između genotipa, okoline i upravljanja. Svaki oplemenjivački program slijedi određenu strategiju za stvaranje hibrida. Jedna od strategija je stvaranje hibrida koji nemaju vrhunsku adaptabilnost, ali mogu postići najviše prinose u visokoprinosnim okolinama („trkaći konji“), dok je druga strategija stvaranje hibrida visoke adaptabilnosti u raznim okolinama („radni konji“). Visoka stabilnost mora biti popraćena visokim prinosima kako bi se osugurao profit, stoga bi se u oplemenjivačkim pokusima stabilnost trebala pratiti zajedno s prinosom. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je analiza nove germplazme (inbred linija i hibrida) kroz predkomisijske pokuse na raznim lokacijama u Turskoj, korištenjem BLUP i GGE metoda za predviđanje, odnosno stabilnost prinosa. Heritabilnost za prinos zrna iznosila je od 0.58 do 0.85, a relativna stabilnost svih hibrida i standarda je zabilježena u svim godinama. Uzrok visokih vrijednosti G×L interakcije su različite vrijednosti genotipova kroz lokacije. Lokacija Altınova bila je najmanje stabilna kroz sve četiri godine. Jedan hybrid je izabran kao budući standard na osnovu stabilnosti u svim okolinama. Kako G×E interakcija i dalje predstavlja najveći izazov u modernom oplemenjivanju kukuruza, potrebno je još istraživanja u tome području, a korištenje mješovitih modela predstavlja vrijedan alat za analizu genotipova u oplemenjivačkim pokusima