<Articles>Some Problems on the Witsen's Map of North－eastern Asia

ウイットセン Witsen, N.(1641～1717) はアムステルダム市長・東インド会社社長・駐英大使などを歴任したオランダの一縉紳である。彼はライデン大学在学中から東方諸国に興味をいだき、卒業後、外交使節随員としてモスクワに滞在するとともに北東アジアに関する地理学的資料の蒐集に情熱を傾けた。彼の著者「北東韃靼」"Noord en Oost Tartnrien" (一六九ニ・一七〇四・一七八五年刊) は当時の北東アジア知識の集大成と称せられたものである。本稿では彼の作製した北東アジア関係地図をとりあげ、その基礎となった図籍を探索し、この図の特質を明らかにし、一六・一七世紀西欧地図界におけるユニークな地理的知識を評価したい。そして、一七世紀末から一八世紀中頃の西欧世界地図の北東アジア部分の一類型をなす、彼の地図の特色となっているアジア北東端近くの海へ延びる二つの岬のもつ地理学史的意味を探ってみたい。 さらに、「北東韃靼」は一八世紀末に我国に舶載されたものの様で、その一部は文化六年 (一八〇九) に「東北韃靼野作雑記訳説」として馬場貞由によって抄録・訳注された。この「訳説」作製の背景・目的・態度・結果を検討しながら、一九世記初頭の日本の地理学者におけるウィトセンの北東アジア知識の採用と評価から、前後一世紀余にわたって生命を保ったウイットセン資料の価値に照明をあてようと試みた。Witsen (1641-1717), mayor of Amsterdam, president of the East India Company, and ambassador to the Court of St. James', was a Dutch gentleman, who was interested in the Orient in his days of Leiden University, from which he graduated to try to collect geographical material in the north-eastern Asia, staying in Moscow as a suite of the diplomatic mission. His work, 'Norden Cost Tartarien' (1692, 1704, 1785) was said to be the collection of the then east-Asian knowledge. This article will treat the maps of north-eastern Asia of his own making, tracing its origin, showing its characteristic, and we want to point the unique feature of the land different from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries' West-European map making world, and then we would evaluate its importance of the geographical history in the two capes streching out to the north-eastern sea near the north-eastern end of Asia which were the characteristic of his map, a similar type of north-eastern part in the map of West-European world from the end of the seventeenth century to the middle of the eighteenth century. His book, 'Norden Cost Tartarien', was seemed to be introduced in Japan at the end of the eighteenth century, a copy of which was summarized and translated and annotated as 'Tôhoku-dattan-yasaku-zakki-yakusetsu' 東北韃靼野作雑記訳説 by Sazayoshi Baba 馬場貞由. At the end of this article, analyzing the background, object, method, and result of this 'summary', through the Japanese evaluation of the Witsen's work at the biginning of the nineteenth century, we try to evaluate the basic importance of Witsen's material