Framing international conflicts: An analysis of 2012 Diaoyutai dispute news

2012年3月發生日本「國有化」釣魚台事件，是近年來與台灣直接相關的國際議題，因為涉及敏感的主權議題，引發後續強烈效應，9月25日更發生台灣、日本在海上互相噴水的事件，堪稱為爭議中最激烈的直接衝突。本研究以2012年9月的釣魚台事件相關新聞為例，分析台灣國內四大報—《聯合報》、《中國時報》、《自由時報》及《蘋果日報》如何框架此國際衝突事件，比較各報新聞框架的差異，整理台灣媒體在國際衝突新聞中常見的報導模式。第二部分以國際關係主流觀點—現實主義、自由主義及建構主義來分析國際衝突的成因和解決之道，並從台灣媒體的報導論述中分析各報呈現的國際關係觀點。 從內容分析的結果發現，新聞框架的差異主要分為兩類，《聯合報》和《中國時報》為傾向兩岸統一的媒體，多使用宣傳框架，且是宣傳「釣魚台屬於台灣」此類宣傳框架，試圖激起民眾的愛國心，也多依賴官方消息來源，豎立敵我分明的界線，符合傳統「戰爭新聞學」的報導方式。《自由時報》和《蘋果日報》則呈現不同的樣貌，《自由時報》的框架以衝突框架居多，重視保釣運動或釣魚台主權論戰等新聞事件，但對釣魚台的主權劃分則是不採取明確立場歸屬，從報導中難以分辨，或是根本沒有討論；同時，《蘋果日報》秉持一貫的市場化導向的新聞哲學，以人情趣為框架為多，報導集中在藝人的行程因釣島事件被影響或記者親臨衝突場面的感想等。In March 2013, an international dispute directly related to Taiwan occurred—Japan unilaterally "nationalized" the Diaoyutai Islands. This dispute relates to the sovereignty controversy which invoked radical patriotic movements among the concerned countries. This study examined the Diaoyutai-related news coverage from United Daily News, China Times, Liberty Times and Apple Daily to compare the framing differences among the newspapers. Furthermore, this study tried to use the discourse analysis through the lens of realism, liberalism, and constructivism to discuss the international perspectives in news coverage. The content analysis of the study had found that United Daily News and China Times, which are pro China-Taiwan unification position, tended to use the propaganda frame. They depended more on the official resources and separated “us v.s. others” distinction. Here two newspapers relied on the traditional war journalism report style. On the other hand, Liberty Times preferred “conflict frame” and didn’t show clearly of its position in the sovereign issue. Apple Daily framed Diaoyutai-related news with “human-interest frame”, focusing on the celebrities’ schedule and conflict scenes, showing the market-driven journalism