<Articles>Weaving Tcehnique of Ancient China

漢代の画象石の機織圖は既知の三種に新出のものを加えて五種となつた。この機織圖に基き、その技術的解明を試みた。先奏や魏晋以降の機織法は具體的に知る史料がないが、我彌生式土器時代及古墳時代の機織法は幸い出土遺物によつて最近多少明らかになつたが、画象圖機との關係は絶無でない。次に漢画象圖機を中心とし、我古代機織法の發展段階を參考して、一應古代からの中國機織技術の發展段階の推考を試み、機を織る操作を細かく分析し、その能率を測定し、先秦及魏晋以降と比較してその生産能力の程度を明かにした。後漢末に錢貨に代つて布帛が擡頭し、中國中世の幣制・税制に重大な變革の端緒を開いたが、この變革には布帛の生産力の高くなつたことが作用しているらしく、この點に關して私見を述べた。又魏晋以降に普及した所謂絹機はその後葱嶺を越えて西傳したらしい痕跡が認められるが、中國古代機法この意味でかなり重要視されねばならぬ。In Addition to the already known three steles of the Han Dynasty two more have become avilable in the course of recent years. The author attempts to elucidate the technological side of weaving in Ancient China in the light of these steles. Though there is. no material which contributes directly to the elucidation of the weaving technique in ancient China, some recent discoveries in the sites of the Yayoi Period and the Great Mound Period in Japan seem to throw light on the interpretation of the Han steles with regard to the ancient Chinese weaving technique. The author describes the various stages of development of ancient Japanese weaving technique, and then he compares them with those in ancient China. Further he ascertains the relative productive power of the weaving machine in the Han Period in comparison with those in the pre-Ch'in Period and the Period of Wei and Chin, by means of analyzing the process of weaving and measuring the probable efficiency of the machine in the Han Period. The auther thinks that the introduction of pieces of silk as a means of exchange at the latter part of the Later Han Dynasty, which had replaced copper coins of earlier days, led to a great reform in the monetary and taxation system of the Han Dynasty. He says that this reform was one of the results of increase in the productivity of the weaving machine. In view of the fact that the ancient Chinese silk loom which had become widely employed after the Period of Wei and Chin seems to have been diffused beyond the Pamir, more importance ought to be but upon the role played by the development of ancient Chinese weaving technique