3-Dimensional Echocardiography in Imaging the Tricuspid Valve

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an independent predictor of death. Lately, emerging technologies for the treatment of TR have increased the interest of physicians. Due to the complex 3-dimensional (3D) geometry of the tricuspid valve (TV) and its anterior position in the mediastinum, conventional 2D echocardiography is unsuitable to study the anatomy and pathophysiologic mechanisms of the regurgitant TV. 3D echocardiography has emerged as a very cost-effective imaging modality with which to: 1) visualize the TV anatomy; 2) define the mechanism of TR; 3) measure the size and geometry of the tricuspid annulus; 4) analyze the anatomic relationships between TV apparatus and surrounding cardiac structures; 5) assess volumes and function of the right atrium and ventricle; and 6) plan surgical repair or guide and monitor transcatheter interventional procedures