Topological transient models of three-phase, three-legged transformer

The paper further develops a modeling concept of three-phase, three-legged transformer with tank walls represented as a distributed parameter structure. The circuital models proposed replicate accurately all possible zero-sequence impedances and losses of a three-winding transformer. Several model versions are compared to each other and to a conventional topological model with respect to their transient behavior during inrush and short circuit events, and in the presence of geomagnetically induced current (GIC). It was found that in all the cases considered, except that with a large GIC, all the models yield similar results. The reliability of the models is due to the representation of the tank walls behavior in a physical way, allowing one to observe the field distribution over the wall thickness as a function of transformer excitation. The modeled results are in a close agreement with positive and zero sequence data measured on a 25 MVA transformer as well as with inrush current test on a 300 kVA unit