Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a type I cytokine which acts on multiple hemopoietic cells to promote an antibody-mediated response to infection. Dysregulated production or function of IL-4 can exacerbate diseases such as allergy, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. In order to better understand the biochemical mechanisms by which IL-4 mediates its pleiotropic biological effects, I investigated two distinctive aspects of the intracellular signals activated by IL-4. First, IL-4 is different from most type I cytokines in its inability to activate Ras or Raf-1. IL-4 also fails to support cellular growth. I demonstrated that the signals provided by an active Ras or an inducibly active Raf-1 kinase could synergise with IL-4 to promote cell-cycle pro...
IL(Interleukin)-4 is the main macrophage M2-type activator and induces an anti-inflammatory phenotyp...
While it is known that the anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 require new protein synth...
The differentiation of naive T-helper (Th) cells into cytokine-secreting effector Th cells requires ...
This report shows that interleukin-4 (IL-4), which plays a key role in regulating immune responses, ...
Cells sense and respond to stimuli through signal transduction pathways, which mediate proliferation...
Cells sense and respond to chemical and physical stimuli through signal transduction pathways, which...
Considerable vidence has accumulated to suggest that cytokines are pleiotropic, i.e., they act on a ...
Abstract: Over the last several years, the receptors for numerous cytokines have been molecularly ch...
Cytokines are intracellular messengers that activate multiple signaling pathways and regulate cell s...
Les kératinocytes sont les principales cellules de l'épiderme, la couche la plus superficielle de la...
Interleukin (IL)-4 is an immunomodulatory cytokine produced by a number of cell types including T ce...
Cells sense and respond to chemical and physical stimuli through signal transduction pathways, which...
IL-4, in the presence of macrophages (MΦs), has previously been demonstrated to be tumoricidal in vi...
IL-4, in the presence of macrophages (MΦs), has previously been demonstrated to be tumoricidal in vi...
Interleukin-4 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune r...
IL(Interleukin)-4 is the main macrophage M2-type activator and induces an anti-inflammatory phenotyp...
While it is known that the anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 require new protein synth...
The differentiation of naive T-helper (Th) cells into cytokine-secreting effector Th cells requires ...
This report shows that interleukin-4 (IL-4), which plays a key role in regulating immune responses, ...
Cells sense and respond to stimuli through signal transduction pathways, which mediate proliferation...
Cells sense and respond to chemical and physical stimuli through signal transduction pathways, which...
Considerable vidence has accumulated to suggest that cytokines are pleiotropic, i.e., they act on a ...
Abstract: Over the last several years, the receptors for numerous cytokines have been molecularly ch...
Cytokines are intracellular messengers that activate multiple signaling pathways and regulate cell s...
Les kératinocytes sont les principales cellules de l'épiderme, la couche la plus superficielle de la...
Interleukin (IL)-4 is an immunomodulatory cytokine produced by a number of cell types including T ce...
Cells sense and respond to chemical and physical stimuli through signal transduction pathways, which...
IL-4, in the presence of macrophages (MΦs), has previously been demonstrated to be tumoricidal in vi...
IL-4, in the presence of macrophages (MΦs), has previously been demonstrated to be tumoricidal in vi...
Interleukin-4 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune r...
IL(Interleukin)-4 is the main macrophage M2-type activator and induces an anti-inflammatory phenotyp...
While it is known that the anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 require new protein synth...
The differentiation of naive T-helper (Th) cells into cytokine-secreting effector Th cells requires ...