Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) oligoclonal diseases leading to dysplasia, blood cytopenia and evolution to acute leukemia. Numerous mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation are responsible of MDS genesis. But recently, studies show that medullar microenvironment, particularly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), could induces and propagates a truly MDS suggesting a narrow communication between HSC and this niche. Dicer1’s (type III RNAse implicating in microRNA processing) invalidation in murine osteoblastic progenitors induces a MDS with sign of dysplasia.In this work, we have confirmed the under expression of Dicer1 in MDS mesenchymal stromal cells from total bone marrow and cultured MSC. Dicer1...