Cause and Effect: Type Systems for Effects and Dependencies

Type systems commonly used in practice today fail to capture essential aspects of program behavior: The effects and dependencies of the programs. In this paper, we examine a prototypical effect type system in the style of Gifford et al. and a canonical example of a dependency type system based upon the work of Zdancewic. Finally, we show how these two type systems can be embedded in a more general framework, a monadic type system as developed by Pfenning and Davies.