Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers in healthy Pre and Postmenopausal Women and the influence of multiple factors on them

AIM AND/ OBJECTIVES : To study Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) and factors influencing them in postmenopausal-women and their premenopausal-daughters and to study reference ranges of BTMs and their correlations with BMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS : This cross sectional study was conducted at an urban area in Vellore district. One hundred fifty two subjects which included 76 postmenopausal women and their daughters (n=76) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the community after obtaining a written informed consent. Details with regards to age, parity, dietary calcium intake, sunlight exposure and socioeconomic status, physical activity using “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” (IPAQ) and BMI were collected. Fasting blood and second void morning urine samples were obtained for measurement of BTMs (sCTX, sPTNP1, sOC and urine DPD respectively) and bone mineral parameters. BMD was measured by DXA. RESULTS : Osteoporosis was seen in 50% of the postmenopausal women and low bone mass was seen in 9% of daughters at spine. Ethnicity based reference range of BTMs were derived. Significant inverse correlation was found between BTMs and the BMD with good analytical performance (AUC>0.70, P