DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS OF THE NEOTROPICAL AND ANDEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BOMBUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)

Distributional patterns of the Neotropical and Andean species of the genus Bombus Latreille were analyzed, by comparing individual tracks of 36 species. Eight generalized tracks were found: (1) Mexican Mountain (B. [Fv.] fervidus [Fabricius], B. [Br.] haueri Handlirsch, B. [Pr.] hunti Greene, and B. [Cu.] rufocinctus Cresson); (2) Northern Mesoamerican (B. [Br.] brachycephalus Handlirsch, B. [Fv.] diligens Smith, B. [Ds.] macgregori Labougle & Ayala, and B. [Fv.] steindachneri Handlirsch); (3) Southern Mesoamerican (B. [Fv.] digressus [Milliron] and B. [Ps.] variabilis [Cresson]); (4) Widespread Mesoamerican (B. [Pr.] ephippiatus Say, B. [Fv.] medius Cresson, B. [Fv.] mexicanus Cresson, B. [Fv.] pennsylvanicus [DeGeer], and B. [Fv.] weisi Friese); (5) Northern Andean (B. [Cc.] coccineus Friese, B. [Rb.] ecuadorius Meunier, B. [Fv.] excellens Smith, B. [Fr.] funebris Smith, B. [Ds.] handlirschi Friese, B. [Rb.] hortulanus Friese, B. [Rb.] melaleucus Handlirsch, B. [Fv.] pullatus Franklin, B. [Rb.] robustus Friese, B. [Fr.] rohweri Frison, and B. [Rc.] rubicundus Smith); (6) Yungas (B. [Cc.] baeri Vachal and B. [Rb.] tucumanus Vachal); (7) Southern Brazilian (B. [Fv.] bellicosus Smith and B. [Fv.] brasiliensis Lepeletier) and (8) Widespread South American (B. [Fv.] atratus Franklin, B. [Fv.] morio [Swederus], B. [Fv.] opifex Smith, and B. [Fv.] transversalis [Olivier]). Three panbiogeographic nodes were determined: (A) Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in the intersection of the Northern and Southern Mesoamerican generalized tracks; (B) Panama, in the intersection of the Southern Mesoamerican and Northern Andean generalized tracks, and (C) Puna, in the intersection of the Northern Andean and Yungas generalized tracks. These patterns reflect the complex biogeographic history of the Neotropical and Andean regions.Se analizaron los patrones de distribución de especies neotropicales y andinas del género Bombus Latreille, comparando los trazos individuales de 36 especies. Se hallaron ocho trazos generalizados: (1) Mexicano de Montaña (B. [Fv.] fervidus [Fabricius], B. [Br.] haueri Handlirsch, B. [Pr.] hunti Greene y B. [Cu.] rufocinctus Cresson); (2) Mesoamericano Septentrional (B. [Br.] brachycephalus Handlirsch, B. [Fv.] diligens Smith, B. [Ds.] macgregori Labougle & Ayala y B. [Fv.] steindachneri Handlirsch); (3) Mesoamericano Meridional (B. [Fv.] digressus [Milliron] y B. [Ps.] variabilis [Cresson]); (4) Mesoamericano Amplio (B. [Pr.] ephippiatus Say, B. [Fv.] medius Cresson, B. [Fv.] mexicanus Cresson, B. [Fv.] pennsylvanicus [DeGeer] y B. [Fv.] weisi Friese); (5) Andino Septentrional (B. [Cc.] coccineus Friese, B. [Rb.] ecuadorius Meunier, B. [Fv.] excellens Smith, B. [Fr.] funebris Smith, B. [Ds.] handlirschi Friese, B. [Rb.] hortulanus Friese, B. [Rb.] melaleucus Handlirsch, B. [Fv.] pullatus Franklin, B. [Rb.] robustus Friese, B. [Fr.] rohweri Frison y B. [Rc.] rubicundus Smith); (6) Yungas (B. [Cc.] baeri Vachal y B. [Rb.] tucumanus Vachal); (7) Brasileño Austral (B. [Fv.] bellicosus Smith y B. [Fv.] brasiliensis Lepeletier); y (8) Sudamericano Amplio (B. [Fv.] atratus Franklin, B. [Fv.] morio [Swederus], B. [Fv.] opifex Smith y B. [Fv.] transversalis [Olivier]). Se determinaron tres nodos panbiogeográficos: (A) Istmo de Tehuantepec, en la intersección de los trazos generalizados Mesoamericano Septentrional y Mesoamericano Meridional; (B) Panamá, en la intersección de los trazos generalizados Mesoamericano Austral y Andino Septentrional, y (C) Puna, en la intersección de los trazos generalizados Andino Septentrional y Yungas. Estos patrones refelejan la compleja historia biogeográfica de las regiones Neotropical y Andina