身体管理と「国民」形成 : 近代学校への「衛生」の導入をめぐって

In the process of modernization in Japan, modern governing techniques replaced feudal ones. People\u27s bodies were recognized as the object of governing techniques and then had been changed by some means. The "hygiene" was one of those. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of an introduction of "hygiene" into modern schools, and clarify how permeating "hygiene" had changed the student\u27s body. This paper draws followings. Firstly, after the opening of Japan to foreign intercourse, as a counterplan to the epidemics including cholera etc, "hygiene" based on scientific knowledge, instead of traditional treatment to preserve one\u27s health (Yojo), was needed. Scientific knowledge became the foundation of "right" and the absolute criteria. So specific norms were injected to "hygiene." Secondly, modern Japan regarded students\u27 body as the important capital to develop a modern nation state. So it began to manage the body through "techniques peculiar to hygiene" of statistics and medical examination. Finally, in the groundswell of nationalism especially after Sino-Japanese War, the modern state managed to change the individual body to be suitable for the modern nation state Japan by utilizing "hygiene.