Alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral espontánea

Introduction: for the last hundred years the relationship between hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events and electrocardiographic alterations has been studied, as well as their significance as a prognostic factor for mortality. Objective: to characterize the electrocardiographic alterations in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at their arrival to the Emergency Room. Material and Method: an observational descriptive and transverse study was carried out between January 2010 and December 2011 in "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" University Hospital. Results: it was found a predominance of females, with an average age of 70 years. The most frequent electrocardiographic alterations were sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and flat or inverted T waves. Around two thirds of the patients with these changes died in the hospital. Conclusions: nearly 50% of patients presented with electrocardiographic anomalies on admittance. They prevailed in female patients and a statistically significant difference was found between them and adverse outcomes. Key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic strokes, electrocardiographic alterations, prognostic scales, stroke lethality.Introducción: Desde la última centuria se estudia la asociación entre eventos cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos y alteraciones electrocardiográficas, así como el valor de estas como factor pronóstico de mortalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar las alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes con hemorragia intracerebral espontánea a su llegada al Servicio de Urgencias. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal de las alteraciones electrocardiográficas agudas en pacientes con hemorragia cerebral durante el período de enero del 2010 hasta diciembre del 2011 en el Hospital “Comandante Manuel Fajardo” de La Habana. Resultados: Se observó un predominio del sexo femenino y la media de edad fue de 70 años, las alteraciones electrocardiográficas más frecuentes fueron la taquicardia sinusal, el aplanamiento o inversión de la onda T y la bradicardia sinusal. Las dos terceras partes de los pacientes que presentaron dichas alteraciones fallecieron. Conclusiones: Cerca de 50% de los pacientes presentó cambios electrocardiográficos. Estos predominaron en pacientes femeninos, y se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa con los egresados fallecidos.Palabras clave: Hemorragia intracerebral, ictus hemorrágicos, alteraciones electrocardiográficas, escalas pronósticas, letalidad. ABSTRACTIntroduction: For the last hundred years the relationship between hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events and electrocardiographic alterations has been studied, as well as their significance as a prognostic factor for mortality. Objective: To characterize the electrocardiographic alterations in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at their arrival to the Emergency Room. Material and Method: An observational descriptive and transverse study was carried out between January 2010 and December 2011 in “Comandante Manuel Fajardo” University Hospital. Results: It was found a predominance of females, with an average age of 70 years. The most frequent electrocardiographic alterations were sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and flat or inverted T waves. Around two thirds of the patients with these changes died in the hospital. Conclusions: Nearly 50% of patients presented with electrocardiographic anomalies on admittance. They prevailed in female patients and a statistically significant difference was found between them and adverse outcomes.Key words: Intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic strokes, electrocardiographic alterations, prognostic scales, stroke lethality