Salt effects in liquid-liquid equilibria

The effect of lithium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride on the distribution of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid between benzene and water at 25° C has been studied. The method of Hand, which has previously been used to correlate tie line data in salt-free ternary systems, has now been successfully employed to correlate distribution data for quaternary systems containing salt. The slope and intercept of the Hand equations have been expressed as linear functions of the salt concentration in each system studied. Equations for slope and intercept possessing high statistical significance have been formulated using a linear regression in two variables. The order of decreasing salting out on a weight basis is LiCl \u3e NaCl \u3e KCl for all systems studied. On a mole basis, the effect of lithium chloride diminishes with increase in the number of carbon atoms in the acid, being greater than sodium chloride for acetic acid, equal to sodium chloride for propionic acid, and less than sodium chloride for butyric acid