Mingiyan talks about how to protect oneself from evil spirits and relays two stories about people who encountered spirits: People protect themselves from evil spirits with the help of a tree called ‘tyavlgn’. It is a short tree with thin branches. Some people put it under their pillow, others keep it under their bed. This tree is also used to make a whip which people hold in their hands when they pass through haunted places. Holding a whip that person has to say the following: ‘I know “Taaza” and I have a whip in my hand which is made from the tyavlgn tree’. I do not know what the word Taaza means, but it is possible that it means ‘an evil spirit’. People also protect themselves from evil by hanging a horseshoe above the entrance to their h...