Many amateur naturalists comb the countryside and sometimes undertake full-size expeditions to inventory the different entities of the natural world. They do it by passion, on their leisure time, and often in close collaboration with academic institutions, especially museums of natural history. Faced with the extinction crisis affecting biodiversity, this collaboration between amateurs and professionals is being renewed through what is called citizen sciences (participatory sciences in France). This thesis documents this phenomenon with the aim of understanding how participatory observatories of biodiversity transform the practice of amateur naturalists. In order to better represent the diversity of observers and schemes, we chose to focus ...