薬物使用経験を「わかる」の3基盤 : 「矯正教育プログラム(薬物非行)」の質的分析

薬物依存者は、薬物への渇望に対応するという問題にくわえて、周囲の人間にそのつらさをわかってもらえないという悩みもかかえている。だが、薬物からの離脱の取り組みにおいては、渇望感や使用経験を率直に話すということが必要となる。ある女子少年院におけるプログラム(「矯正教育プログラム(薬物非行)」)において、参加者たちは、受講少年が話しやすいグループづくりに取り組んでいた。受講少年は、自身と同じ悩みや苦しみをほかの受講少年もしてきたことを見いだして共感し、わかってもらえると感じていた。その一方、薬物使用経験がない指導者たちは、独自のアプローチを見せた。薬物依存の指導経験が豊富な臨床心理士は、専門家ならではの表現や見方を提示し、少年の自己理解を助けようとしていた。少年院教官は、嗜好品断ちをして少年の気持ちを理解しようとしたり、一般人の見方をあえてぶつけたりしていた。これらを、薬物使用経験を「わかる」の3基盤として整理した。グループづくりは成功し、受講少年は積極的にプログラムに取り組んだ。断薬への決意を固め、そのための知識を習得した。薬物依存経験が共通している少年たちを集めて実施したプログラムは成功裏に終わった。Drug addicts have difficulties not only in dealing with their own craving for drugs, but also getting themselves understood. However, they need to speak frankly about their cravings and drug use when they attempt to stop using drugs. We studied one program\u27s implementation of "the Corrective Education Program on Drug-Related Delinquency," which lasted for three months at a female Juvenile Training School. The program participants made an effort to make the group atmosphere comfortable for the female addicts. Several female addicts and several adult teachers participated in the program. In the beginning, the girls were worried about whether their experiences would be understood by the other participants. They soon found that the other girls had had similar, drug-related problems. They felt empathy and were relieved to find that they would be understood among themselves. One clinical psychologist had experience and expertise in treating addicts. By providing advice based on her experience, she established herself as a reliable expert among the girls. The teachers of the training school did not have as much expertise as the clinical psychologist. However, they made an effort to be receptive to the girls in other respects. We called those "three bases of \u27understanding\u27" drug addicts. The formation of the group was successful, and the girls participated in the program eagerly. At the conclusion of the program, they had established a firm motivation to stop using drugs after they got out of the school. They also acquired the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve this goal