Hagnýting umhverfisgilda fyrir sjávarafurðir

The purpose of the study was to calculate, using LCA, the carbon footprint of the post landing activities of cold fish supply chains. Two different transportation modes were analysed, transportation by container ship and air freight. The results from the LCA calculations show that the choice of transportation mode is very important in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. It was found that the air freighted cold supply chain has 18 times larger carbon footprint than the sea freighted supply chain. The carbon footprint of 1 kg of air freighted fresh demersal fish was found to be 4.7 kg CO2‐equivalents and 0.3 kg CO2‐equivalents for the sea freighted fish. The opinion of stakeholder to apply environmental indicators for seafood in marketing purposes was explored. Stakeholders of the cold supply chains received a web based survey.The results from the survey indicate that the knowledge of Icelandic seafood producers on their environmental performance is fair and in general environmental consideration in the industry is increasing. The industry sees a value in utilizing environmental indicators for marketing purposes and the stakeholders identified a demand on information on the environmental impacts of their products. Currently the most important factors considered by the stakeholders when selecting the transportation chain is the quality of the product and the costs involved. Environmental considerations are today not taken into account when the transportation phase is chosen. If the demand for environmentally friendly products, from cradle to grave, continues to increase this perspective will have to be reconsidered by the industry. This study on the Application of Environmental Indicators for Seafood was carried out during June – September 2010. The report was prepared by Gyða Mjöll Ingólfsdóttir under the supervision of Guðrún Ólafsdóttir, Eva Yngvadóttir, Tómas Hafliðason and Sigurður Bogason. The study was linked to research activities and field trials in the CHILL‐ON project (EC FP6‐016333‐2).Markmið verkefnisins var að reikna með aðferðafræði vistferilsgreiningar (e. Life Cycle Assessment) kolefnisspor fyrir flutningaferil kældra sjávarafurða frá Íslandi á markað í Evrópu. Flutningar með skipi og flugvél voru skoðaðir. Niðurstöður vistferilsgreiningarinnar sýna að val á flutningsmáta skiptir miklu máli hvað varðar útblástur gróðurhúsalofttegunda. Flutningaferill þar sem kældar fiskafurðir eru fluttar með flugi hefur 18 sinnum stærra kolefnisspor en fiskur fluttur með flutningaskipi. Kolefnisspor fyrir 1 kg af bolfisk fluttur með flugi var fundið sem 4,7 kg CO2‐ígildi en 0,3 kg CO2‐ígildi fyrir 1 kg af sjófluttum bolfisk. Möguleikinn á að hagnýta umhverfisgildi fyrir sjávarafurðir í markaðslegu samhengi var skoðaður. Send var út vefkönnun til hagsmunaaðila flutningsferlanna. Niðurstöður könnunarinnar sýna að þekking iðnaðarins á umhverfisáhrifum frá framleiðslu og flutningsferlum afurðanna er allgóð og að umhverfisvitund hefur aukist í iðnaðnum. Atvinnugreinin sér möguleika í að nýta sér upplýsingar um umhverfisgildi í markaðslegu samhengi og svarendur könnunarinnar eru varir við eftirspurn eftir upplýsingum um umhverfisáhrif söluvörunnar. Um þessar mundir eru það gæði vörunnar og geymsluþol ásamt kostnaði þau atriði sem helst er litið til við val á flutningsleiðum sjávarafurða á markaði. Ekki er litið til umhverfisgilda við val á flutningsleiðum. Ef eftirspurn eftir umhverfisvænum vörum, frá vöggu til grafar, heldur áfram að vaxa verða framleiðendur að fara að endurskoða val á flutningsleiðum.The study was financed by the Icelandic Student Innovation Fund (Rannís) and the European funded CHILL‐ON Integrated Project (EC FP6‐016333‐2) in cooperation with EFLA Consulting Engineers and the Applied Supply Chain Systems Research (ASCS) at the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences at the University of Iceland