International audienceBetween the 1930s and the 1950s, Taiwanese art, especially painting, reflects the changes in the political situation of the island and the shift from a Japanese government to the governance of the Chinese Nationalist Party under American influence. We can see two strands during the Japanese period, gouache painting on silk called “nihonga” and Western oil painting in an impressionist style. After the Second World War, a new critical realism emerges, before the tragical 28 February Incident of 1947 profoundly affects the artistic community. Then, after the withdrawal of Chiang Kai-shek into the island in 1949, Chinese traditional ink painting soon becomes a symbol for “free China”. Taiwan progressively opens to internat...