Unexpected optical activity of cerium in Y2O3:Ce3+, Yb3+, Er3+ up and down-conversion system

In this work we synthesized rare earth-doped yttria nanocrystals via the Pechini method. We used Ce3+, Yb3+ and Er3+ as dopant ions and studied their behavior when they are simultaneously embedded in the yttrium oxide lattice. The tri-doped system exhibits both downshifting and up-converting properties, due to the presence of, respectively, cerium–erbium and ytterbium–erbium couples. Efforts were put into determination of the effects of the presence of increasing content of cerium. We synthesized a series of samples having the general formula (Y0.88−xCexYb0.1Er0.02)2O3, where x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40. The structural properties of the samples were analyzed by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique and the morphological features were disclosed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations. Photoluminescence properties were tested by carrying out photoluminescence (PL) emission, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and lifetime (LT) measurements