Technologies in CyberSpace: A Context of Threats and Defenses

NATO has recognized cyberspace as the fourth operational domain. Cyberspace is a vector for crime, war, terrorism, and other activities, both positive and negative. This paper discusses four areas of particular concern in cyberspace, namely, social media, the deep and dark Web, cryptography and steganography, and the Internet of Things. Each of the areas is described in terms of technology, threat, and, where relevant, defenses against those threats