Major depression is a debilitating and highly prevalent disease that up to now has been treated predominantly with antidepressants that increase the availability of serotonin and/or noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft. High rates of non-responders to first line therapy and high levels of chronicity within patients, however, demonstrate the limits of the monoamine hypothesis of depression. Thus the search for novel, more-rapidly acting and more effective antidepressants has become the focus of much research during the past years. Autophagy, a process whereby cells salvage and recycle cellular macromole-cules or organelles involving dynamic reorganization and fusion of membranous structures in response to stress, has been implicated as playin...