Add to ORKGAbstract The use of a low-water crossing may be an economically viable option to replace a structurally deficient or functionally obsolete bridge. Rural counties generally cannot afford to replace all deficient bridges and must prioritize their expenditures. In many locations the traffic volume is too low to justify the expense of bridge replacement. This situation is worsening as the rural population declines. Some counties are closing low-volume roads rather than replacing deficient bridges. In some locations a low-water stream crossing might be a practical low-cost alternative to road closure. This thesis provides guidance to county officials and engineers on assessing the practicality of replacing a deficient bridge with a low-water cro...