Flammability limits of hydrated and anhydrous ethanol at reduced pressures in aeronautical applications
- Coronado, Christian J. R.
- Carvalho Junior, Joao Andrade de
- Andrade, Jose C.
- Mendiburu, Andres Zevallos
- Cortez, Ely V.
- Carvalho, Felipe S.
- Goncalves, Beatriz
- Quintero, Juan C.
- Gutierrez Velasquez, Elkin I.
- Silva, Marcos H.
- Santos, Jose C.
- Nascimento, Marco. A. R.
DOIAbstract
There is interest in finding the flammability limits of ethanol at reduced pressures for the future use of this biofuel in aeronautical applications taking into account typical commercial aviation altitude (<40,000 ft). The lower and upper flammability limits (LFL and UFL, respectively) for hydrated ethanol and anhydrous ethanol (92.6% and 99.5% p/p, respectively) were determined for a pressure of 101.3 kPa at temperatures between 0 and 200 degrees C. A heating chamber with a spherical 20-1 vessel was used. First, LFL and the UFL were determined as functions of temperature and atmospheric pressure to compare results with data published in the scientific literature. Second, after checking the veracity of the data obtained for standard atmosp...
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