Elementary radical classes

A radical class R of rings is elementary if it contains precisely those rings whose singly generated subrings are in R. Many examples of elementary radical classes are presented, and all those which are either contained in the Jacobson radical class or disjoint from it are described. Attention is given to those elementary radical classes which are definable by composition subsemigroups of the free ring on one generator. Whether every elementaryradical class is of this form remains an open question