This thesis consists of two parts, the GENERAL and the SPECIFIC The General Part includes the following chapters: I. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) This part refers to the history, definition and epidemiology of IUGR and the clinical importance of distinguishing IUGR from SGA (small for gestational age) neonates. Special emphasis is given in the etiology of IUGR (from the fetus, placenta and mother), the determination of gestational age and the diagnostic methods used to detect IUGR, whether clinical (abdominal palpation, symphysis- fundal height) or imaging procedures (ultrasonographically estimated fetal weight and amniotic fluid volume, three-dimensional ultrasonography, Doppler velocimetry). The importance of customized fetal gr...