Ideology or oppositional consciousness?: the conditions of feminist identification

Why do some women call themselves feminists while others do not? Scholars studying feminist identity tend to focus only on the identities of women who are members of feminist organizations, or to assume that all women who agree with feminist ideas identify themselves as feminists. Tests of this assumption, however, have proven disappointing. I trace the history of this hypothesis, and using Jane Mansbridge and Aldon Morris' theory of oppositional consciousness, to develop my own. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), I test both hypotheses. I find that ideas do not matter; oppositional consciousness, not feminist ideology, is the key variable that conditions women’s feminist identification