numéro spécialInternational audienceThis paper focuses on the vitality of the translation market in fascist Italy,despite the censorship affecting primarily Gramsci as a translator and theorist oftranslation, and, starting from the 1920 polemic between the idealist philosophersCroce and Gentile, it studies the theories emerging between the two world wars. Theanti-fascist Croce denies the possibility of translating in the name of an aristocratic andromantic idea of art, and thus pushes critics in his camp, such as Debenedetti, to resortto different paths. Although Gentile claims to embody the fascist intellectual, his viewon art is in contradiction with his view on power: subjective deconstruction and stateauthoritarianism, interpretive free...