Inturned Localizes to the Proximal Side of Wing Cells under the Instruction of Upstream Planar Polarity Proteins

AbstractPlanar polarity development in the Drosophila wing is under the control of the frizzled (fz) pathway [1–3]. Recent work has established that the planar polarity (PP) proteins become localized to either the distal, proximal, or both sides of wing cells [4–9]. Fz and Dsh distal accumulation is thought to locally activate the cytoskeleton to form a hair [4, 10, 11]. Planar polarity effector (PPE) genes such as inturned (in) are not required for the asymmetric accumulation of PP proteins, but they are required for this to influence hair polarity [1, 2, 8, 9, 12–14]. in mutations result in abnormal hair polarity and are epistatic to mutations in the PP genes [12–15]. We report that In localizes to the proximal side of wing cells in a PP-dependent and PP-instructive manner. We further show that the function of two other PPE genes (fuzzy and fritz) is essential for In protein localization, a finding consistent with previous genetic data that suggested these three genes function in a common process. These data indicate that accumulation of proteins at the proximal side of wing cells is a key event for the distal activation of the cytoskeleton to form a hair