Analysis of the causes and effects of landslides in the Carpathian flysch in the area of Milówka and evaluation of their prevention methods

The paper presents a comprehensive study on the causes and effects of landslides occurring in the gmina Milówka (gmina is the administrative district in Poland, similar to a commune or municipality) from 1947 until today. The analysis includes the identification of probable causes of landslides and a discussion of possible remedial methods, including preventive ones. The following were considered: results of laboratory, geophysical and seismic tests; meteorological data; vegetative and transpirational properties of plants and agricultural crops; intensity of farming; forest clearance. Attention was also paid to the tree-ring eccentricity among spruces. Additionally, a numerical analysis of the current landslide stability was carried out in the Z_Soil program. Finally, it was found that determining the exact value of the stability coefficient is not possible due to the numerous assumptions necessary for the numerical analysis. However, it is possible to predict with high probability which of the slopes are threatened with landslides