The impact of Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) on orchards: first quantitative evidence for Southern Europe

Birds often cause severe damage to agricultural crops, particularly at the harvest stage. In this regard, the assessment of their crop damage is the key to developing methods to reduce such damage and to delineate management policies. In this note we report the evidence for an impact of ring–necked parakeet on a suburban almond orchard inside the metropolitan area of Rome that holds one of the largest densities of ring-necked parakeet in Europe