Written in French, this paper is a reflection on how to set up a sociological study of translator behavior and decision-making based on the study of actually translated texts. A few hurdles have to be overcome in that perspective: (1) that of insignificance: this research (in the author’s humble opinion) has to be insightful not only for translation studies specialists, but first and foremost to translators themselves; (2) that of striking a balance between outliers (i.e. genuine but isolated cases) and generic (i.e. generalizable, but not meaningful) cases in the context of growing use of computer assisted tools; (3) that of using psychology and sociology in order to build a translation theory rather than the reverse. Eventually, it points...