Closed and open loop protocols in desynchronizing STN neurons.

A) Synchronous behavior observed under PD condition in raster plot (left panel) and spectrogram (right panel). B) The spectrogram of synchronization while FAS was applied was the lowest, indicating the capability of frequency modulated protocols. The mixture of responses in neuronal firings was prevailing in the FAS protocol (left panel). C) The Pulsatile method also achieved great desynchronization results and the neuronal firings were observed to be sparse. Open loop stimulation methods such as HFS and VFS (D and E, respectively) showed semi-synched dynamics in the firing patterns (left panels). Also, the VFS method showed high synchronization at 100 Hz, as it lacks a precise method defining the length of each stimulation block.