QTL analysis of variation in mate preference.

(A) QTLs for relative time males court H. melpomene (as opposed to H. cydno) females on Chromosomes 1, 17, and 18 (n = 139). Scale on right axis depicts genome-wide significance, determined through permutation, corresponding to the LOD score as shown on the left axis. Dotted red line represents LOD significance threshold (genome-wide alpha = 0.05, LOD = 2.99). Dashes indicate position of genetic markers (SNPs), and red arrows indicate the position of the max LOD score for each QTL (used in B). Vertical blue lines represent the position of major color pattern loci and their phenotypic effects. Note that the K locus only has limited phenotypic effects in crosses between H. cydno chioneus and H. melpomene rosina but is responsible for the switch from yellow to white color pattern elements between other taxa within the melpomene–cydno clade. Underlying data can be found in the online Dryad repository doi.10.5061/dryad.4b240j4, specifically raw_data/data_for_Rqtl.csv, derived_data/genome_scan_lod_score.csv, and derived_data/permutations_courtship_prop.csv. (B) Proportion of time males court H. melpomene (as opposed to H. cydno) females for each of the two genotypes for respective QTLs (homozygous = CYD:CYD and heterozygous = CYD:MEL). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Lower dashed blue and upper orange bars represent mean phenotypes measured in H. cydno and H. melpomene, respectively. Circle size depicts total number of “courtship minutes” for each male. Vertical black bars indicate the percentage of the difference measured in the parental species explained. Underlying data can be found in the online Dryad repository doi.10.5061/dryad.4b240j4, specifically raw_data/data_for_Rqtl.csv and derived_data/qtl_data.csv. LOD, log odds ratio; QTL, quantitative trait locus, CYD, cydno allele; MEL, melpomene allele.