Mean percent N (± 1 SE) for treatment plots across the growing season from 2014–2016 (n = 6 replicates/treatment). Treatments included advanced and ambient growing seasons, and early, typical, late and no grazing. Lines on the bottom show the timing of the early, typical and late grazing treatments.</p
<p>Panel a) shows leaf total nitrogen concentration (% weight), b) leaf carbon to nitrogen ratios an...
<p>Arrow shows the start of treatments and error bars represent standard deviation.</p
<p>Percent cover (±1 SE) of four boreal forest understory species in control (C), exclosure (i.e. fe...
Mean percent C (± 1 SE) for treatment plots across the growing season from 2014–2016 (n = 6 replicat...
Mean C:N ratios (± 1 SE) for treatment plots across the growing season from 2014–2016 (n = 6 replica...
Means (± 1 SE) from 2014–2016 are presented (n = 6 replicates/treatment) for our naturally grazed co...
Canopy greenness, frost damage, shoot biomass and shoot length growth (cumulative an interpolated). ...
<p>Maximum and minimum forage production and season length, expressed as percent above and below the...
<p>a, b indicate significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between treatments within a year</p><p>T1...
<p>Graphical depiction of mechanical thinning treatment schedules for (a) 15-year 4FRI scenarios and...
<p>Seedling survival is expressed as the % of surviving seedlings after 16 weeks of growth. Open cir...
<p>**<i>P</i><0.01;</p><p><sup><i>†</i></sup><i>P</i><0.1.</p><p>Mean herbage yield (kg DM/ha) of ma...
<p>Plot defoliation, biomass proportions of plant taxonomic groups and plot community weighted means...
Boxplots illustrating mean height (cm; A), mean SLA (cm2 g-1; B), mean seed mass (g; C), and the pro...
<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054109#pone-0054109-t0...
<p>Panel a) shows leaf total nitrogen concentration (% weight), b) leaf carbon to nitrogen ratios an...
<p>Arrow shows the start of treatments and error bars represent standard deviation.</p
<p>Percent cover (±1 SE) of four boreal forest understory species in control (C), exclosure (i.e. fe...
Mean percent C (± 1 SE) for treatment plots across the growing season from 2014–2016 (n = 6 replicat...
Mean C:N ratios (± 1 SE) for treatment plots across the growing season from 2014–2016 (n = 6 replica...
Means (± 1 SE) from 2014–2016 are presented (n = 6 replicates/treatment) for our naturally grazed co...
Canopy greenness, frost damage, shoot biomass and shoot length growth (cumulative an interpolated). ...
<p>Maximum and minimum forage production and season length, expressed as percent above and below the...
<p>a, b indicate significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between treatments within a year</p><p>T1...
<p>Graphical depiction of mechanical thinning treatment schedules for (a) 15-year 4FRI scenarios and...
<p>Seedling survival is expressed as the % of surviving seedlings after 16 weeks of growth. Open cir...
<p>**<i>P</i><0.01;</p><p><sup><i>†</i></sup><i>P</i><0.1.</p><p>Mean herbage yield (kg DM/ha) of ma...
<p>Plot defoliation, biomass proportions of plant taxonomic groups and plot community weighted means...
Boxplots illustrating mean height (cm; A), mean SLA (cm2 g-1; B), mean seed mass (g; C), and the pro...
<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054109#pone-0054109-t0...
<p>Panel a) shows leaf total nitrogen concentration (% weight), b) leaf carbon to nitrogen ratios an...
<p>Arrow shows the start of treatments and error bars represent standard deviation.</p
<p>Percent cover (±1 SE) of four boreal forest understory species in control (C), exclosure (i.e. fe...