Reduction of the measurement bias and improvement of signal-to-noise ratios for different harmonization methods.

(a) Standard deviation of the magnitude distribution of the measurement bias. The error bars represent the standard deviation across sites. Each data point represents one site. (b) Ratio of standard deviation of the magnitude distribution of the measurement bias to that of the participant factor. (c) Ratio of standard deviation of the magnitude distribution of the measurement bias to that of the disorder factor. Different colored columns show the results from different harmonization methods. Two columns of the same color show the results of the two folds. The numerical data used in this figure are included in S1 Data. GLM, generalized linear model.