Annual percent of breeders that were 2-years-old was a function of a year’s quality for breeding.

Annual percent of breeders that were 2-years-old as a function of the quality of a breeding year (estimated as the percent of territories with egg-laying pairs; [77]) of northern goshawks in Arizona, USA. Monotonic increases in the recruitment of 2-year-old breeders indicated improving breeding conditions and the existence of vacancies on territories following periods of poor breeding.