Mite count by sticky board separated by treatment and inoculation over time.

Note the cleared colonies in both density treatments stayed at low levels throughout the first winter while inoculated colonies had a steady increase. By the end of the first year however, the cleared colonies had reached the same infection levels as the inoculated colonies. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. A GEE found a significant positive effect for inoculation on mite numbers (P = 0.0188).