Opowiadania potoczne w świetle genologii lingwistycznej

The book inscribes into an already rich collection of works inspired by textology and linguistic genology. The aim of the work is to analyse colloquial stories appearing in everyday conversations, or, more specifically, present linguistic realizations of structural models of this genre. The initial chapter shows various understandings of the notion of a story and a narrative in contemporary humanistic studies. Chapter one presents a story as a component of a conversation that is the effect of a natural face‑to‑face cooperation between its participants. The analyses presented prove that colloquial narratives are texts dynamically created, marked by an imprint of a characteristic exchange of sending‑receiving roles thanks to which they are generally not monologue, but interactive texts, which also influences building interpersonal bonds. Chapter two brings a detailed description of a genre model of a colloquial story in its four aspects: a structural, pragmatic, cognitive and stylistic one. Presenting a structural aspect of a story, the author discusses the attempts to arrange the fictional schemes on the grounds of the theory of literature, narrative grammar and psychology. A description of the pragmatic component defines the parameters of a model communicative situation of a story, a picture of a sender and receiver, as well as the aims of communication (an illocutionary potential). Describing a cognitive component, the author shows the components of a colloquial image of the worlds manifested in the very texts. Cognitive values of the history from an everyday life can also be seen in their exemplary overtone: colloquial stories show ways a narrator or a character deals with problems. A stylistic level covers genre determinants of a text and linguistic means such as morphological, lexical and syntactic realizing them. Thus, the very chapter gives a description of the features of a colloquial language being the result of the spontaneity of an oral communication. The subject of interest in chapter three is structural models of colloquial stories. The first stage of the analysis constituted differentiating the basic structure composed by constitutive components being semantic equivalents of the elements of a full fictional structure. Next, a description of a five‑component maximum structure of a colloquial story, linguistic realizations of particular components, that is an abstract, orientation, complication, solution and coda was given. In the part describing ways of introducing a narrative to conversations, the author analyses a meta‑textual frame dividing a narrative from expressions preceding and following it, indicates typical initial delimiters. Next, she presents a detailed analysis of the orienteering part, paying attention to ways of defining the time of the events and locating them in a space, as well as discusses ways of describing the background of the events and characters and avoiding descriptions, as well as the role of a commentary in the form of margin remarks coming from a narrator. The analysis of the material collected shows that complication and a turning point of the action in a colloquial story can be signaled on a lexical, syntactic, inflectional and phonetic level. In the next subchapter, typical forms of action resolution are discussed while a description of the elements of a maximum structure of a story is closed with the analysis of the end which is to explicitly express the coda of a narrative situation, and signalize a return to the situation defined by a communicative here and now, constituting a borderline element of the text, and a component of a meta‑textual frame. At the end of the story, often the evaluation of the events presented I the form of a moral, proverb or saying is given. Chapter three gives a description of alternative structures of a story, namely, structures situation‑related and characterized by a change of the quantity or subsequence of the composition elements typical of a given genre. The very structural changes appear as a result of the impact of the element of colloquial speech, a wide variety of reconstructed events, as well as under the influence of a particular communicative situation in which the story develops. Chapter three closes a description of adaptation structures of a story, that is those that refer to other genre models existing in the speech universe. On the example of narrative jokes and advertisements using the form of a story, the author shows that a story, in contamination with other genres, is a stronger form: it does not undergo adaptations on its own, but becomes the source of adaptation, or the basis for transformations of other genres. Form adaptations under the influence of a story scheme can be global in nature which is seen in e.g. jokes taking on the form of a narrative, can also appear in partial adaptations, which can be observed in e.g. advertisement messages