Electron-cyclotron-resonance heating in Wendelstein 7-X: A versatile heating and current-drive method and a tool for in-depth physics studies
- Wolf, R. C.
- Bozhenkov, S.
- Dinklage, A.
- Fuchert, G.
- Kazakov, Y. O.
- Laqua, H. P.
- Marsen, S.
- Marushchenko, N. B.
- Stange, T.
- Zanini, M.
- Abramovic, I.
- Alonso, A.
- Baldzuhn, J.
- Beurskens, M.
- Beidler, C. D.
- Braune, H.
- Brunner, K. J.
- Chaudhary, N.
- Damm, H.
- Drewelow, P.
- Gantenbein, G.
- Gao, Y.
- Geiger, J.
- Hirsch, M.
- Höfel, U.
- Jakubowski, M.
- Jelonnek, J.
- Jensen, T.
- Kasparek, W.
- Knauer, J.
- Korsholm, S. B.
- Langenberg, A.
- Lechte, C.
- Leipold, F.
- Mora, H. T.
- Neuner, U.
- Nielsen, S. K.
- Moseev, D.
- Oosterbeek, H.
- Pablant, N.
- Pasch, E.
- Plaum, B.
- Pedersen, T. S.
- Sitjes, A. P.
- Rahbarnia, K.
- Rasmussen, J.
- Salewski, M.
- Schilling, J.
- Scott, E.
- Stejner, M.
- Thomsen, H.
- Thumm, M.
- Turkin, Y.
- Wilde, F.
DOIAbstract
For stellarators, which need no or only small amounts of current drive, electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH) is a promising heating method even for the envisaged application in a fusion power plant. Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is equipped with a steady-state capable ECRH system, operating at 140 GHz, which corresponds to the 2nd cyclotron harmonic of the electrons at a magnetic field of 2.5 T. Ten gyrotrons are operational and already delivered 7MW to W7-X plasmas. Combined with pellet injection, the highest triple product (0.68×10²⁰ keVm¯³s), observed up to now in stellarators, was achieved (Sunn Pedersen et al 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61 014035). For the first time, W7-X plasmas were sustained by 2nd harmonic O-mode heating, ap...
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