Direktyvos 2002/47/EB Dėl finansinio užstato susitarimų įgyvendinimas Lietuvos teisėje

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip Bendrijos ir Lietuvos teisės aktai reglamentuoja susitarimus dėl finansinio užstato, kuriais užtikrinamas prievolių įvykdymas. Aptariama Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos 2002 m. birželio 6 d. direktyva 2002/47/EB dėl finansinio užstato susitarimų, ją įgyvendinantys Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymai ir jų taikymo sritis. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama įkeitimo objekto – nematerialių vertybinių popierių ir pinigų specifika, nagrinėjami atpirkimo sandorių teisinio reglamentavimo ypatumai. Daroma išvada, kad nematerialiems vertybiniams popieriams ir negryniesiems pinigams turėtų būti taikomos specialios perleidimo ir įkeitimo taisyklės.While normally various contracts between private parties are governed by national law, there have been a few initiatives at the Community level to regulate financial collateral arrangements. First, with the adoption of Directive 98/26/EC of 19 May 1998 on settlement finality in payment and securities settlement systems, Member States were obliged to allow participants in such systems to realise financial collateral despite insolvency or similar proceedings with respect to another participant. Furthermore, Directive 2002/47/EC of 6 June 2002 on financial collateral arrangements requires abolishing many formal requirements concerning the creation and realisation of financial collateral. The latter Directive covers many market participants, including credit institutions. It is important to ensure that this Directive is implemented in Member States to the broadest extent possible, to provide for the protection of financial stability and to avoid systemic risk. The author considers the scope of the Lithuanian legal acts transposing the Directive. It is proposed that this scope should be extended, thereby extending the protection that is afforded by the Directive to as many as possible financial collateral arrangements entered into by Lithuanian financial market participants. Various provisions of Lithuanian law concerning financial collateral arrangements are analysed, with a particular emphasis on formal requirements, the possibility to realise collateral and recognition of transfer of title as a special collateralisation method