The Relationship between Acquisition of Phonological Awareness and Linguistic Environment at a Early Childhood Education in the Transition Period from Preschool to Elementary School

本研究では、A県B市のこども園における言語力調査（音韻意識及び語彙の獲得）の結果、健常の年長児でも音韻意識の獲得が不十分な幼児が多数存在することが明らかになったため、音韻意識及び語彙獲得の要件の1つとして考えられる園の環境に限り、文化・地域・保育者・園の指導方針等が異なるC園・D園の保育環境が幼児に与える影響を調査・分析し、考察を行った。2園の音韻意識及び語彙の獲得状況の調査結果について比較したところ、6つの音韻全てにおいて正答率に有意な差がみられた。さらに、これらの園をクラス別に比較したところ、全ての音韻の正答率において有意な差がみられた。さらに2園の言語環境をECERS-3のサブスケール「言葉と文字」（語彙の拡大・話し言葉の促進）によって公開保育等を評価した結果、正答率の高いクラスは、「言葉による伝え合い」活動が適切に行われることや、子どもへの言葉がけなど、言語環境が整えられていた。幼児教育施設では、「言葉による伝え合い」を充実するための努力の必要性が、今後さらに強調されるべきである。The results of the study of linguistic ability (phonological awareness and vocabulary acquisition) at a early childhood education in B City, A Prefecture showed that there are many infants among healthy older children who have not acquired sufficient phonological awareness. Therefore, in this study, influence on infants of the nursing environment of institutions C and D which differ in culture, area, caregivers, and guidance principles was studied, analyzed, and discussed only in the environment of institution considered to be a requirement for phonological awareness and vocabulary acquisition. When the results of the investigation about phonological awareness and vocabulary acquisition at the two institutions were compared, a significant difference was observed in the correct answer rate for all the six phonemes. Furthermore, when these two institutions were compared by class, a significant difference was observed in the correct answer rate for all the phonemes. Moreover, when the linguistic environments of two instittions are compared by evaluating their open childcare with the subscale "language and literacy" (expansion of vocabulary and promotion of the spoken language) of ECERS-3, it was clarified that in classes with a high answer rate, activity of communicating with each other by means of words is done properly, and that the linguistic environment such as speaking to children has been arranged properly. At infant education institutions, more efforts should be made in the future to enhance the activity of communicating with each other by means of words