Utopia would seem to offer the spectacle of one of those rare phenomena whose concept is indistinguishable from its reality reality, whose ontology coincides with its representation. Does this peculiar entity still have a social function? We ere encounter two alternate possibilities of analysis, which can be designated respectively as the causal and the institutional. We should probably see each of them in two distinct ways: as wish-fulf fulfilment and as construction. Both of ilment these approaches clearly involve pleasure: almost by def definition the wish-fulfilment has something to do with pleasure, even though it may involve a long detour and a multiple mediation through substitutes. I would like to suggest the following: that utopia ...