Review of \u3ci\u3eTo Remain an Indian: Lessons in Democracy from a Century of Native American Education\u3c/i\u3e By K. Tsianina Lomawaima and Teresa L. McCarty

As they trace the shifts in United States government Indian policy over the course of a century, K. Tsianina Lomawaima and Teresa L. McCarty develop a theoretical framework they label the safety zone as a way to explain the continuing conflict over the issue of cultural difference in educational settings. Drawing on extensive archival material, the authors illustrate convincingly how educational policies and practices have reflected the federal government\u27s attempt to make a distinction between safe and dangerous Indigenous beliefs and practices. Using Western cultural norms as the standard against which to measure Indigenous ways of being, the government might, for example, sanction children\u27s stories or women\u27s arts and crafts. It might also recognize or tolerate entire tribal groups, if these groups produce marketable artistic works that enable them to be economically stable. Outside that safety zone lie such dangers as Native languages and spiritual practices, including music and songs intimately connected to religious experiences. Efforts to preserve Native ways of life are typically enacted only when those languages or traditions are believed to be nearly extinct and no longer threatening